Choki Motobu (1871-1944)
was born in 1871 in Akahira village in the Shuri region of Okinawa. He was the third son of Motobu "Udun", a high ranking
aji or lord. The Motobu family were skilled at the art of Ti (a grappling art of the Okinawan nobility). Motobu did learn
some of the techniques of his family's fighting system, but because of Okinawan tradition, only the first son, Choyu, was
educated and choose to carry on the family's martial tradition. Because of this situation, he went looking for instruction
elsewhere.
Choki began training extensively with
makiwara and lifted heavy rocks to gain strength. He endeavored to become as strong as possible and trained with ferocity.
He became known as "Motobu zaru" or Motobu the monkey because of his agility and speed. Eventually, Motobu became the student
of Anko Itosu (one of Mabuni's
sensei). Now a young man, Choki spent a lot of time seeking out strong looking men to challenge on the street. He won most
of his fights and learned much from these encounters. Itosu sensei was not impressed by the young man's bullying and promptly
expelled him form the dojo.
Motobu's aggressive behavior soon earned
him a bad reputation and many sensei would not teach him. Once man, however, liked the spirit he showed and accepted him as
a student of karate. This man was Kosoku Matsumora of
Tomari. It was from Matsumora that Choki learned many Kata. Motobu still challenged others to fights often and was eager to
develop and improve his fighting skills. He eventually asked Matsumora to teach him kumite, but Matsumora told him to continue
to learn on his own. Motobu, however, was persevering and is said to have watched the kumite training through holes in the
fence around Matsumora's dojo.
Motobu's street fighting served him well
(to the detriment of many). He formulated his own formidable style of kumite and began to get much attention in Okinawa and
in Japan on his trips to the islands. One day while in Kyoto he witnessed a contest where people were asked to match skills
with a foreign boxer. A friend coaxed Motobu to give it a try.
The boxer was arrogant and goaded Motobu
constantly. For two rounds Motobu just avoided the boxer's attacks. In the third round he had enough. He used a practiced
technique and promptly knocked the boxer out. The crowd was quite taken aback. They had never seen this kind of fighting.
Motobu had simply struck his opponent with a fore knuckle in the temple; a basic technique. Needless to say, Motobu quickly
gained a reputation as a master and many curious people came to learn this mysterious new art. Soon, Motobu became a full
time teacher.
During this time, Motobu gained great
respect for his fighting ability. He was hailed as the greatest fighter in Japan. Many sensei advised their students to go
and train with Motobu and learn his kumite techniques ( for obvious reasons). He was also asked to teach at several universities.
Because of this, many of today's great instructors of various styles had the benefit of his instruction, so it is clear that
his was a large influence in karate.
Motobu usually only taught naihanchi kata
to his students and it was his own version with many Ti-like grappling and throwing techniques. However, it was his kumite
that had the greatest impact on karate. Oddly enough, there is a story of Choki, full of confidence, challenging his brother
Choyu to a fight. It is said that Choyu threw Choki around like a rag doll. After the experience, Choki is said to have humbled
himself and adopted more of his family's Ti forms. In 1922, Master Motobu helped Master Funakoshi start the teaching of Karate to the Japanese. Filled with
a new outlook on his life, Master Motobu returned to Okinawa in 1936 and began training with Master Kentsu Yabu. Master Yabu
was only man to have ever defeated Master Motobu.
Later in life, Motobu seemed to stress
the importance of tradition in training. He strongly stressed the importance of makiwara training and became as enthusiastic
about kata as he had always been about kumite. In 1936, at the age of 65, Motobu left Tokyo and went back to Okinawa to visit
his instructors to talk about the state of karate in Japan and to make sure that he was teaching the kata and techniques in
their originally, unaltered form. Subsequently, he returned and continued teaching in Tokyo. Shortly before World War II,
he returned to Okinawa and died in 1944 of a stomach disease at the age of 73.
It is obvious that Choki Motobu was very
instrumental in the development of karate and that he was the inspiration for many who trained in the art. It is good to see
that, today, millions of people still keep the art alive and strive to keep the fighting spirit of karate which Sensei Motobu
so dearly loved.
